Hydraulic Systems
The Basic Concept of a Hydraulic System
Hydraulic power transmission is a drive or transmission system
that uses hydraulic fluid under pressure to drive machinery. The system is
concerned with the generation, modulation, and control of pressure and flow,
and in general such systems include:
·
Pumps which convert available power from the
prime mover to hydraulic power at the actuator.
·
Valves which control the direction of pump-flow,
the level of power produced, and the amount of fluid flow to the actuators. The
power level is determined by controlling both the flow and pressure level.
·
Actuators which convert hydraulic power to
usable mechanical power output at the point required.
·
The medium, which is a liquid, provides rigid
transmission and control as well as lubrication of components, sealing in
valves, and cooling of the system.
·
Connectors which link the various system
components provide power conductors for the fluid under pressure, and fluid
flow return to tank (reservoir).
·
Fluid storage and conditioning equipment which
ensure sufficient quality and quantity as well as cooling of the fluid.
Advantages of hydraulic power transmission
Some of the major advantages of hydraulic power transmission
are as follows:
·
Great efficiency and economy due to low friction
losses and high system reliability (efficiency is approx. 70 to 80 percent)
·
Freedom of location of input and output power
converters such as prime movers, pumps, and actuators.
·
Safety and overload protection by means of
relief valves.
·
Emergency power stored in an accumulator.
·
Infinitely variable control of output force,
output torque, output speed, and actuator position.
·
Extremely high output forces and force
multiplication by means of the "hydraulic lever".
·
Low inertia and ease of shock absorption during
actuator motion, reversal, start, and stop.
·
Hydraulic systems are self-lubricating and power
can be diverted to alternative actuators.
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